An open airway and sufficient breathing should be established. Treatment of shock is based on the likely underlying cause. The heart rate divided by systolic blood pressure, known as the shock index (SI), of greater than 0.8 supports the diagnosis more than low blood pressure or a fast heart rate in isolation. A decreased pulse pressure ( systolic blood pressure minus diastolic blood pressure) or a fast heart rate raises concerns. The diagnosis is generally based on a combination of symptoms, physical examination, and laboratory tests. Distributive shock may be due to sepsis, anaphylaxis, injury to the upper spinal cord, or certain overdoses. Obstructive shock may be due to cardiac tamponade or a tension pneumothorax. Cardiogenic shock may be due to a heart attack or cardiac contusion. Low volume shock, also known as hypovolemic shock, may be from bleeding, diarrhea, or vomiting. Shock is divided into four main types based on the underlying cause: low volume, cardiogenic, obstructive, and distributive shock. This may be followed by confusion, unconsciousness, or cardiac arrest, as complications worsen. Initial symptoms of shock may include weakness, fast heart rate, fast breathing, sweating, anxiety, and increased thirst.
Shock is the state of insufficient blood flow to the tissues of the body as a result of problems with the circulatory system. Obstructive: Cardiac tamponade, tension pneumothorax ĭistributive: Sepsis, spinal cord injury, certain overdoses īased on symptoms, physical exam, laboratory tests Low volume: Severe bleeding, vomiting, diarrhea, dehydration, or pancreatitis Ĭardiogenic: severe heart attack (especially of the left or right ventricles), severe heart failure, cardiac contusion Low volume, cardiogenic, obstructive, distributive Later: Confusion, unconsciousness, cardiac arrest Initial: Weakness, fast heart rate, fast breathing, sweating, anxiety, increased thirst US Navy EMT trainees and firemen using IV fluid replacement in treating a trauma training mannequin to prevent hypovolemic shock.
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